TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL 2 DAN PEMBAHASANNYA (READING 13 )
nearly,self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom
and race,with a strong family or clan structure and highly
developed rituals.Order is maintained through sanctions
based in the religion or family,and interpersonal
line relationships are strong.Tradition is paramount,and change
(5) comes infrequently and slowly.There is relatively little
division of labor into specialized duties.Rather,each person
expected to perform a great variety of tasks,tough duties
many differ between te sexes.Most goods are handmade,
and a subsistence economy prevails.Individualism is
weakly developed in folk cultures, as are social classes
Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized
(10) countries such as the United states and Canada.Perhaps the
nearest modern-equivalent in Anglo-America is the Amish,
a German American farming sect that largely renounces the
products and labor saving device of the industrial age.
In Amish areas,horse drawn buggies still serve as a local
transportation device,and the faithful are not permitted to
own automobiles.The Amish’s central religious concept of
(15) Demut,”humility”,clearly reflects the weakness of
individualism and social class so typical of folk cultures,
there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identity.
Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect.The religion,
a variety of the Mennonite faith,provides the principal
mechanism for maitaining-order.
By contrast,a popular culture is a large heterogeneous
(20) group,often highly individualistic and constanly changing.
Relationships tend to be impersonal,and a pronounced
division of labor exists,leading to the establishment of
many specialized professions.Secular institutions of
control such as the police and army take the place of
religion and family in maitaining order,and a money-based
economy prevails.Because of these contrasts,”popular”may
be viewed as clearly different from “folk”.
(25) The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized
countries and in many developing nations,Folk-made
objects give way to their popular equivalent,usually
because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply
produced,is easier or time saving to use,or lends more
prestige to the owner.
1.What does the passage mainly discuss?
a.Two decades in modern society
b.The influence of industrial technology
c.The characteristics of “folk”and “popular”societies
d.The specialization of labor in Canada and United States
Jawab:(C)The characteristics of “folk”and “popular”societies
Key word:A folk culture,a popular culture
Pembahasan:paragraf pertama bercerita tentang rakyat dan masyarakat popular
2.The word”homogeneous”in line 2 is closest in meaning to
a.Uniform
b.general
c.primitive
d.traditional
Jawab:(A)Uniform
Key word:sejenis
Pembahasan:homogeneous=sejenis,seragam=uniform,general=umum
primitive=primitif,traditional=traditional
3.Which of the following is typical of folk cultures?
a.There is a money-based economy
b.Sociol change occurs slowly
c.Contact with other cultures is encouraged
d.Each person develops one specialized skill
Jawab:(B)Social change occurs slowly
Key word:change comes infrequently and slowly
Pembahasan:tradisi adalahyang terpenting,dan perubahan datang secara perlahan-lahan dan jarang
4.What does the author imply about the United States and Canada?
a.They volue folk cultures
b.They have no social classes
c.They have popular culture
d.They do not value individualism
Jawab:(C)The have popular culture
Key word:Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries
Pembahasan:Budaya rakyat yang berubahtidak lagi ada di negara-negara industri seperti Amerika Serikat dan Kanada,yang memiliki budaya lebih umum
5.The phrase “largely renounces”in line 11 is closest in meaning to
a.generally rejects
b.greatly modifies
c.loudly declares
d.often criticizes
Jawab:(A)generally rejects
Key word:menolak sebagian besar
pembahasan:largely renounces=menolak sebagian besar=generally rejects
greatly=modifies=sangat memodifikasi
loudly declares=menyatakan dengan keras
often criticizes=sering mengkritik
6.What is the main souce of order in Amish society?
a.The government
b.The economy
c.The clan structure
d.the religion
Jawab:(D)The religion
Key word:The Amish’s central religious concept of Demut
Pembahasan:Sumber utama ketertiban masyarakat Amish adalah berdasarkan kepercayaan yang terpusat
7.Which of the following statements about Amish beliefs does the
passage support?
a.A variety of religious practices is tolerated
b.Individualism and competition are important
c.Pre-modern technology is preferred
d.People are defined according to their class
Jawab:(C)Pre-modern technology is preferred
Key word:Perhaps the nearest modern-equivalent in Anglo-America is the Amish
Pembahasan:Mungkin rakyat yang mendekati modern dalam Anglo-America adalah Amish,sebuah sekte pertanian Jerman Amerika
8.Which of the following would probably not be found in a folk culture?
a.A carpenter
b.A farmer
c.A weaver
d.A banker
Jawab:(D)A banker
Key word:folk culture
Pembahasan:seorang pegawai bank tidak aka nada di budaya kerakyatan daripada tukang kayu,petani atau penenun
9.The word”prevails”in line 23 is closest in meaning to
a.dominates
b.provides
c.develops
d.invest
Jawab:(A)dominates
Key word:menguasai
Pembahasan:prevails=menguasai,mendoninasi=dominates
provides=menyediakan,develops=mengembangkan;
invests=berinvestasi
10.The word”their”in line 26 refer to
a.folk
b.nations
c.countries
d.objects
Jawab:(D)objects
Key word:Folk-made objects
Pembahasan:yang popular adalah di negara-negara industri dan di banyak negara berkembang,benda buatan rakyat yang mempopulerkan mereka
11.Which of the following is not given as a reason why folk-made object are replaced by mass-produced objects?
a.Cost
b.prestige
c.quality
d.convenience
Jawab:(C)Quality
Key word:Cost,prestige,Convenience
Pembahasan:Benda-benda populer lebih cepat atau murah diproduksi,lebih mudah atau menghemat waktu untuk menggunakan,atau meminjamkan lebih prestise bagi pemiliknya.
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Reference
Tim Master Eduka