Perhaps the most ovious  way 
         artistic creation reflects how people
         live is  by mirroring the environment,
         the materials and technologies
         available to a culture.Stone,wood,tree
line  . bark,clay,and sand are generally
(5)     available materials.
          In addition,depending on the locality,other resources may be  
          accessible:shells,horns,gold,copper,and silver.The different 
          uses to which societies put these materials are of interest to 
          anthropologists who may ask,for example,why people choose
(10)   to use clay and not copper when both items are available.
          Although there are no conclusive answers yet,the way in 
          which a society views its environment is sometimes apparent 
          in its choice and use of artistic materials.The use of certain 
          metals,for example,may be reserved for ceremonial objects 
(15)   of special importance.Or the belief in the supernatural powers
          of a stone or tree may cause a sculptor to be sensitive to that
          material.
               What is particularly meaningful to anthropologist is the 
          realization that although the materials available to a society
(20)   may to some extent limit or influence what it can do 
          artistically,the materials by no means determine what is done.
          Why does the artist in japanese society rake sand into 
          patterns;and the artist in Roman society melt sand to for
(25)   glass?Moreover,even when the same material is used in the
          same way by members of defferent societies,the form or style
          of the work varies enormously from culture to culture.A 
          society may simply choose to represent objects or 
          phenomena that are imortant to its population.An 
(30)   examination of the art of the Middle Ages tell us something
          about the medieval preoccupation with theoloical doctrine.In
          addition to revealing the primary concerns of a society,the 
          content of that society’s art may also reflect the culture’s 
          social stratification.
1.According to the passage,gold,copper,and silver are
    a.more difficult to handle than wood and
    b.of their stable social conditions
    c.of the unique stylistic features of their art
    d.they used the same artistic material in very different ways
Jawab:(D)they used the same artistic material in very different
Key word:baris keempat
Pembahasan: pada baris ke empat dijabarkan bahwa material emas,tembaga,dan perak digunakan masyarakat untuk tujuan penggunaan yang berbeda.(“the different uses to which societies put these materials”).
2.The word”conclusive”in line 11 is closest in meaning to 
    a.definitive
    b.controversial
    c.concurrent
    d.realistic
Jawab:(A)definitive
Key word:pasti
Pembahasan:conclusive=pasti=definitive;
Controversial=kontroversi
Concurrent=berbarengan
Realistic=realistis
3.The word”apparent”in line 12 is closest in meaning to
    a.attractive
    b.logical
    c.evident
    d.distinct
Jawab:(C)evident
Key word:nyata
pembahasan:apparent=nyata,jelas kelihatan=evident;
Attractive=menarik
Logical=logis
Distinct=berbeda
4.Why does the author mention the “supernatural powers of a stone or tree”in line 15-16?
    a.To show that some sculptors avoid working with specific ma-
        terials
    b.To emphasize the unusual properties of certain materials
    c.As an example of how art can be influenced by cultural beliefs
    d.As an illustration of the impact of the environment on reli-
       gious beliefs.
Jawab:(C)As an example of how art can be influenced by cultural beliefs
Key word:the beliefs
pembahasan:Dijelaskan pada kalimat sebelumnya bahwa penggunaan material untuk tujuan/upacara tertentu berdasarkan kepercayaan masyaraakat.
5.The word “it”in line 20 refers to
   a.realization
   b.society
   c.extent
   d.influence
Jawab:(B)society
Key word: a society
pembahasan:dijelaskan pada kalimat sebelumnya bahwa”meskipun bahan-bahan tersedia bagi masyarakat atau pengaruh apa yang dapat dilakukan(oleh masyarakan)secara artistik..”
6.It can be inferred that the author mentions the Japanese and Roman societies because
   a.they influenced each other stone
   b.commonly used by artists in all societies
   c.essential to create ceremonial objects
   d.available only in specific locations
Jawab:(D)available only in specific locations
Key word:baris keduapuluh dua
pembahasan:penyebutan orang-orang Jepang dan Romawi untuk menunjukkan perbedaan penggunaan bahan,seperti sapuan pasir oleh orang jepang dan lelehan pasir oleh orang Romawi.
7.According to the passage,all of the following statements about sand are true EXCEPT:
  a.It is used to create glass
  b.Roman artists mix it into their paints
  c.Its use varies from culture to culture
  d.Japanese artists use it to create artistic patterns
Jawab:(B)roman artists mix it intotheir paints.
Key word:Roman society use melt sand to form glass
pembahasan:Orang-orang Romawi menggunakan lelehan pasir untuk membuat gelas bukan untuk lukisan mereka. 
8.The word”Moreover”in line 24 is closest in meaning to 
   a.similarly
   b.in addition
   c.in contrast
   d.frequency
Jawab:(B)in addition
Key word:tambahan
pembahasan:Moreover=tambahan lagi,lebih jauh,
bahkan(penegasan)=in addition
Similarly=demikian juga
In contrast=sebaliknya
Frequency=sering
9.The word”preoccupation”in line 30 is closest in meaning to 
  a.involvement
  b.separation
  c.relationship
  d.argument
Jawab:(A)involvement
key word:keterlibatan
pembahasan:preoccupation=keterlibatan=involvement
Separation=pemisahan
Relationship=hubungan
Argument=pendapat
10.The word”primary”in line 31 is closest in meaning to 
   a.discrete
   b.preliminary
   c.ideal
   d.fundamental
Jawab:(D)fundamental
key word:utama
pembahasan:primary=utama=fundamental
Discrete=berlainan
premilinary=pendahuluan
ideal=ideal
   

REFERENCE
Tim Master Eduka-Bnk soal dan straregi TOEFL
Thank for reading TRIK JITU MENGERJAKAN SOAL TOEFL in my blog.